Essay Thomas Hobbes Leviathan - 1938 Words

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Above anything else, Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan is a creation story and an investigation of human nature. The story begins in a time of chaos and death and through a journey of human development culminates in the establishment of a sustainable and rational society—the commonwealth—led by a sovereign. At a first casual glance, Hobbes’ reasoning of the transformation from the state of nature to the commonwealth is not airtight. A few possible objections can be quickly spotted: the contradictions of natural law with suicide and the civil law to honor even harmful covenants. Hobbes deals with some of these issues and seems to ignore others, but he does address in detail the most significant objection to his theory:†¦show more content†¦He progresses through reason and science, and then opens a discussion of man’s â€Å"passions.† These passions lead to, among other things, motion and â€Å"endeavour.† Hobbes reveals the fundamental forces that drive man, and in doing so, paints a picture of the state of nature. â€Å"This endeavour, when it is toward something which causes it, is called Appetite or Desire†¦And when the endeavour is fromward something, it is generally called Aversion.† (Leviathan, vi.2). This basic, binary code of conduct explains man’s lawless behavior in nature. Man desires—and therefore pursues—food, shelter, and pleasures of the senses, and man has an aversion to and avoids pain, cold, and danger. Hobbes refers to these desires and aversions in addition to many others as the â€Å"simple passions.† They dictate the chaos of everyday life in nature. They explain why men kill each other over food or shelter, and why men and women are attracted to each other. The concepts of desire and aversion and the simple passions, however, go well beyond explaining just everyday life. They are the main stepping-stones for Hobbes between his basic observations of man, and his definition of human nature and natural law. Hobbes makes the claim that among man’s desires is power. â€Å"I put for a general inclination ofShow MoreRelatedThe Leviathan By Thomas Hobbes1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes presents a highly cynical and thoroughly negative view of the natural condition of human beings. Hobbes understands humans as inherently suspicious and fearful of one another. Left to our natural state, people prove incapable of harmonious coexistence and instead aggressively pursue their own security. To achieve this end, men will belligerently defend what they view as theirs and endeavor to dominate as many others as possible. This understanding of security, howeverRead MoreLeviathan, By Thomas Hobbes838 Words   |  4 PagesI n Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, he talks about nature, man, liberty, and other topics. Mr. Hobbes says that â€Å"nature hath made men so equal,† but how can we determine how they are equal? We can say everyone is equal before they come into the world, except when they are actually in the world, no one is the same. Everyone is different in some way, whether it be with respect, money, or just social gains. One man can claim any benefit to his satisfaction, but is it only satisfying to himself or othersRead MoreThomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe source which will be analysed is the frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes most famous work ‘Leviathan’ and ‘Leviathan’ as a whole. The frontispiece is considered as prominent as the arguments put forth by Thomas Hobbes in the ‘Leviathan’ itself. The frontispiece depicts a crowned figure grasping a crosier and a sword. This figure, or ‘Leviathan’, represents the all-powe rful, comprehensive state. When looked at closely, the torso and arms of the figure are made up of hundreds of individual people, whoRead MoreThomas Hobbes Leviathan Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pages A state of nature is a hypothetical state of being within a society that defines such a way that particular community behaves within itself. English philosopher Thomas Hobbes proclaimed that, â€Å"A state of nature is a state of war.† By this, Hobbes means that every human being, given the absence of government or a contract between other members of a society, would act in a war-like state in which each man would be motivated by desires derived solely with the intention of maximizing his own utilityRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan1008 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish philosopher, Thomas Hobbes’, leviathan consists of three parts. The second part, titled â€Å"Of Commonwealth†, describes a government Hobbes refers to as the â€Å"leviathan†; which is simply defined as â€Å"something that is very large and powerful†. Biblically, â€Å"leviathan† is defined negatively, as a devilish sea monster. On the contrary, Hobbes uses the term to portray his version of the ideal government. Hobbes emphasizes the concept of human nature. He explains that there are both negative andRead MoreLeviathan by Thomas Hobbes Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesLeviathan by Thomas Hobbes In 1651, Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan, his famous work that detailed his physicalist outlook and his concept of the value of a social contract for a peaceful society and the nature of man. His major belief was that man is a beast that defines his identity through the need to be controlled under some kind of external, oppressive power. This essay will explain Hobbes’ views of man’s identity in the society and will demonstrate how it was mirrored in the politicalRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes Leviathan970 Words   |  4 Pages Born during a period of medieval philosophy, Thomas Hobbes developed a new way of thinking. He perfected his moral and political theories in his controversial book Leviathan, written in 1651. In his introduction, Hobbes describes the state of nature as an organism analogous to a large person (p.42). He advises that people should look into themselves to see the nature of humanity. In his quote, â€Å" The passions that incline men to peace, are fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary toRead MoreThomas Hobbes Leviathan Argumentative Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesIn Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, Hobbes argues that humans are inherently only self-interested and will do anything to benefit themselves (Hobbes, 6). Before they form society, humans live in the state of nature. This is a brutal place governed by no laws, contracts, or power to restrict human nature. People are free to kill each other without no repercussions, forcing everyone to constantly fend for themse lves and live in fear of being killed. He describes this as the worst way to live life, one thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 2457 Words   |  10 Pages Laviathan, Thomas Hobbes most important work and one of the most substantial philosophical texts of the Seventeenth century, was written largely as a response to the political violence and turmoil of England’s civil wars. In Leviathan, Hobbes, using science and reason as a foundation, attempts to create a concrete and methodological solution for peace and political stability. In the context of a historically violent and fear stricken period in which Leviathan was written, it is logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests under a common power. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury writes profoundly on the arrangement of legitimate government and the structure of society by calling to attention the constant vying for â€Å"power after power th at ceaseth only in death† (Hobbes, 56). Through his depiction of human interactions, Hobbes claims that there is a perpetual longing for ease and protection, knowledge, and fame (Hobbes, 56-57). When desires are conflicting, Hobbes claims that there is fierce competition

Sonnys Blues - 1264 Words

Sonny s Blues A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonny s Blues is told from the perception of Sonny s brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwin s choice of Sonny s brother as a narrator is what makes Sonny s Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonny s Blues lies in the way Sonny s brother describes their relationship based on what he observes, hears, and feels, and how he struggles trying to understand Sonny through the course of the story. This is a story of how two African Americans brothers take their own path through life as they struggle to find meaning in their lives.†¦show more content†¦Their father spent many years struggling to support a family in an overtly racist Northern urban community. Sonny, by contrast, is a romantic artist who is not afraid of taking risks to pursue the things he desires. His passion for music makes him impa tient with everything else. He drops out of school; however, he does try to stay away from danger. Sonny does want to live a respectable life without corruption. He does several things to try to escape this corruption; he tries to escape by joining the military, but fails. He tries to escape by using illicit drugs and fails. When life seems to take a toll on Sonny he immerses himself in his music. He realizes that his problems are real and that he can t truly escape them. Music becomes his life as he plays to transform his pain and suffering into something beautiful depicted in his jazz and blues music. Perhaps there is no way that we can absolutely stay out of danger, like Sonny s father said, there is no safe place for anyone (Baldwin 95). Sonny s music offers an outlet for expressing the darkness within him while giving his life meaning. In the pivotal scene of Sonny s Blues, the narrator agrees to go with Sonny to the jazz nightclub. The narrator s realization that he must accept Sonny as he is sets the stage for the narrator s first trip to theShow MoreRelatedSonnys Blues1514 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Baldwins real-life experience connect to his short story, Sonnys Blues? The writer was a poor boy growing up. He was also a Negro, so things were bad for him and his family in white America. He probably felt sad every day of his childhood so he turned to books for entertainment and maybe escape. When he started reading, he found that he liked it and wanted to create stories for other people to enjoy, but he was a poor Negro boy who could not expect help from the whites, so he taughtRead MoreSonnys Blues in Harlem896 Words   |  4 Pagesus have to struggle to make ends meet and others are born with money at their feet already. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† opens up in Harlem with the narrator on a bus reading a newspaper learning that his brother, Sonny, has been arrested for selling heroin. Sonny’s brother takes him in after he is released from jail. However, his brother is scared if he lets him back into his home he will fall into his old ways. Sonny’s true passion in life is to become a Jazz musician but his family doesn’ t believe in what heRead MoreSonnys Blues Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages In James Baldwins, Sonnys Blues, the title itself is symbolic of the blues in the matrix of the African-American culture of music and suffering. To understand the significance of the blues, one must first define the blues, where the blues originated, and how it is related to suffering and how it is communicated in music. The American Heritage Dictionary defines blues as (1) a state of depression or melancholy, and (2) a style of jazz evolved from southern American Negro secular songs. ItRead MoreJames Baldwins Sonnys Blues1418 Words   |  6 Pageselaborately broadcasted and exhibited greatly in his short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. First circulated in the late fifties and then again in the mid-sixties, Sonnys Blues explains Baldwin’s reasons for his famous arguments in the arena of Black freedom, while also providing a visual bonding of his work across multiple genres, with the ways and understandings of the urban Black community. The essential and gradual progression of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† symbolizes the measured adaptation of the narrators perceptionRead More Comparing the Blues in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonnys Blues625 Words   |  3 Pages The Blues: in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonnys Bluesnbsp;nbsp; In Langston Hughes The Blues Im Playing, the blues are the source of Oceolas life and her choices. Langston is trying to illustrate the conflict between life and art. The art in this story is represented in a confined manner, as a disciplined career with a white woman acting as the overseer in the young ladys life. Art to Oceola, with its profit, convenience and privileges offers an array of benefits, butRead MoreSonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesSonnys Blues If you were not able to talk to anyone, nor did people want to listen to what you have to say, would that affect you? In the short story, Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin, Baldwin writes about two brothers, Sonny and the narrator, who lose communication between one another because Sonny goes to prison. The narrator, having to make a promise to their mother before her death, was to take care and watch over his young brother Sonny no matter what. This turned out not to be theRead MoreEssay about Sonnys Heroic Journey in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues2971 Words   |  12 Pagesof Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin focuses on whether a person should be conventional in making decisions for their life, or if they should follow their heart and do what is right for them. A person begins with strengths, many of which they lose along the way. At some point along their heroic journey a person may regain their strengths and develop new ones. Each phase of this journey will have an effect on them and o thers around them. According to his brother, who narrates Sonnys Blues, SonnyRead More Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesSonnys Blues by James Baldwin A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonnys Blues is told from the perception of Sonnys brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwins choice of Sonnys brother as a narrator is what makes Sonnys Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonnys Blues lies in the way Sonnys brother describes their relationship based onRead MoreDrugs and Musicians in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesWhen first reading â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin, it may initially seem that the relationship between musicians and drugs is synonymous. Public opinion suggests that musicians and drugs go hand and hand. The possibility lies that Sonny’s passion for jazz music is the underlying reason for his drug use, or even the world of jazz music itself brought drugs into Sonny’s life. The last stateme nt is what the narrator believes to be true. However, by delving deeper and examining the theme of music inRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis of James Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues2323 Words   |  10 Pagesgenerally done just to entertain readers. Some authors create stories with a singular point of view, while others introduce more complex plots and storylines. When it comes to author James Baldwin’s short story Sonny’s Blues, there is much depth given to the storyline and the characters. Sonny’s Blues has been analyzed by many different people throughout time because the story has many elements. From Baldwin’s skillful use of metaphors and similes to his incorporation of religious references, this story

Farewell To Manzanar Essay Purpose Of The Book Example For Students

Farewell To Manzanar Essay Purpose Of The Book Houston and James D. Houstons novel, Farewell to Manzanar (1973), discusses theinternment of Japanese-American people in a relocation camp from 1943-1945. Theautobiographical work reveals, through the eyes of a Japanese American teenagegirl, her inner struggle with her identity as a person of the Japanese raceliving in California during World War II. The novel explores the issues ofgender culture, and race as important ideas that help Jeanne Wakatsuki toconstruct her own sense of identity and self-hood. Specifically, Farewell toManzanar attempts to raise some significant questions: What is the role of aJapanese woman in the tradtional Japanese society? How does this role shift fora second generation (Nissei) Japanese girl growing up in American? What are thedifferences between the home culture and school culture? How are thesedifferenceS revealed within the novel through values, customs, and theparent-child relationship? What does it mean for Jeanne to be both biLterate andbiculture in American during the 1940s? 1970s? How does Farewell to Manzanarcompare to The Diary of Anne Frank? We will focus on such concerns in theframework of th e social, historical, and cultural contexts of the times.

Security Management for Reliance Insurance - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSecurity Management for Reliance Insurance. Answer: Introduction Reliance insurance was formed in 2007 to offer both insurance and assurance services where at the time the primary customers were people who were below the middle-class category as they lacked a stable organisation that would provide these services based on their needs. Since then the company has grown to have five branches across Australia with the headquarters been located in Sydney. In all, the company has employed over 100 employees which in the past has made resource allocation a big problem due to their scarcity as a result of its minimal financial resources. The scarce resources have been mostly IT infrastructure where among many other items employees have been forced to share workstations e.g. computers and printers. This outcome has always made operations difficult as the organisation deals with a lot of data, as demanded by the analysis venture they perform. This outcome has forced the management to outline its BYOD strategy in order to improve its services while lowering the operational cost. Furthermore, the organisation wants to focus its resources on developing its in-house management and control systems including expansion of the central server. This expansion would boost the efficiency of the enterprise system used across the branches of the company, as the current system has minimal capabilities owing to its size. Discussion BYOD BYOD outlines new technological concepts that allow employees to use their own mobile devices in the workplace environment. This concept helps to facilitate their duties from accessing e-mails to performing complex tasks such as using specialised applications. In all, BYOD improves the efficiency and convenience of an organisation. However, as noted by ICT experts, this outcome poses high risks to the security of information where the confidentiality, availability and integrity of an organisations assets are affected (Arregui, Maynard Ahmed, 2016). Furthermore, the risks seem to increase when one considers the devices and system used in conjunction with BYOD i.e. laptops, smartphone, and even USB drives among many others. Each one of these devices presents considerable risks as they have their associated vulnerabilities that when combined create a multitude of threats and attacks (Gajar, Ghosh Rai, 2013). Deployment Vulnerabilities Lost and Stolen Devices Securing mobile devices is a big challenge, for one they are not attached to any physical structure which outlines the first vulnerability where they can be easily tampered with or stolen. Therefore, while employees conduct their daily activities using mobile phones and laptops these devices can be stolen exposing the data as well as assets owned by the organisation. Now, while one may choose to ignore this eventuality one cannot fail to recognise the threat faced, in fact, based on current mobile device deployment rates this outcome is more likely to happen. According to EY (2013), over 22 percent of all mobile devices produced are lost during the course of their operations which outlines the risk. Furthermore, out of these devices, more than 50 percent are never recovered which means if Reliance Insurance enacts the concept it must have adequate backup procedures as information will eventually be lost. Physical Access Another high vulnerability of the concept is its lacks for physical mitigations against attacks or threats. Stationary PCs will have an added advantage as they are closely monitored based on their location. However, mobile devices can be accessed from any location using a wide range of techniques (EY, 2013). Moreover, unlike servers and other workstations, its difficult to control attacks once they have happened as control measures are hindered by the operating principles of mobile devices. For instance, the hardware and operating system predispose these devices to security threats where employees may use old gadgets and devices which have inadequate security measures which expose the entire system led by it networking infrastructure. Consider the iPhone models which in the past i.e. before the emergence of 3GS lacked the capability to offer hardware encryption (Downer Bhattacharya, 2015). If an employee in the organisation brought one of these old devices/models, a rogue access poi nt is created which exposes the companys network to attacks. Managing the Mobile Environment Connectivity threats from Wireless Networks For Reliance insurance to optimise its BYOD resources it would deploy the said devices of the employees using mobile infrastructure i.e. wireless networks to boost connectivity outcomes. This model would see more devices connected to the central system at a minimal cost, effectively sharing the scarce resource. Now, while wireless connectivity is easier and faster through its simple configurations and reconfigurations procedures, the same methods can be used to access the said networks. For one, radio frequencies can be accessed by anybody with a receiving device and without encryption or authentication can be compromised (Choi, Robles, Hong Kim, 2008). Several vulnerabilities of mobile networks can lead to attacks, they are: Accidental association BYOD encourages employees to stay connected at all time, and as result of this mantra, employees will always have their access points turned on to connect to the companys wireless networks e.g. Wi-Fi. However, there are instances when these devices accidentally connect to neighbouring networks as they are automatically configured to do so. These connections can expose the data owned by an organisation if the neighbouring network is set up for malicious intentions (Bilger, Cosand, Singh Xavier, 2005). Rogue access points Reliance insurance will likely implement all the necessary security measures needed for wireless connection, this will include authentication to encryption procedures. However, employees with their devices may choose to create access point such as ad-hoc connections to enhance connectivity. These new AP lack the same security measures imposed by the organisation which exposes the entire system to many forms of attack through the rogue access points created. Non-traditional networks Finally, we have networks such as Bluetooth which lack the necessary security features needed by todays ICT systems. These networks, pose a huge security threat as most of them lack proper authentication and encryption procedures. BYOD commonly have these networks and are readily used by employees to transfer data and files, which serves as a serious security threat (HKSAR, 2010). Application risk Applications in the mode of open source Softwares have accelerated the use of mobile devices by facilitating functions such as social networking, gaming and mapping activities among others. While they may provide many favourable outcomes, these applications have increased security risks more so in a corporate environment where their inefficiencies can lead to data losses and breaches (EY, 2013). Malicious applications like other people, Reliance employees are likely to download applications from a wide range of websites hosted by the internet. These applications, either from legitimate or illegitimate sites may hold serious vulnerabilities. Some of them will have malicious codes embedded in them which creates loopholes in the supporting systems of the devices. Furthermore, the same applications can be sourced from colleagues using USB drives that also can be infected with malicious files. In the end, these applications will take root in these devices which will infect and affect the companys systems when connected to the enterprise network (Pollock, 2014). Applications vulnerabilities BYOD devices are not managed by IT administrators, therefore, the application used may have vulnerabilities owing to their development process. Moreover, with the increased popularity with system development, apps are consistently modified and customised to suit users needs. These modifications alter the original codes that may include the security features used. This outcome exposes the host devices to many security threats (Techwell, 2011). Conclusion BYOD like many other new technological concepts has many benefits that can improve the application of IT resources more so, through its optimisation feature where a few central services can be accessed by many subsequent branch resources. However, its also faced by many security risks which as seen in the analysis stem from its deployment structure and from the fact that its a new technology. Therefore, for Reliance Insurance to optimise its operational services it must develop effective measures to mitigate the risks identified while applying the employee's resources as their own. Furthermore, these measures must be regularly updated to fit the immediate demands as outlined by some security measures that are no longer effective today. Nevertheless, BYOD holds great promise as it diversifies the resources owned by an organisation. Recommendations Based on the vulnerabilities identified above, Reliance Insurance should implement the following key solutions: Policy and education The users i.e. the employees are the biggest risks as their actions dictate the extent of vulnerabilities or risk identified. Therefore, they must be educated on the proper use of BYOD devices. In addition to this, the relevant application policies should be enacted. Strong encryption and authentication This will include all the security measures and policies devised to prevent unauthorised access to networks and business systems, they include: Encryption of data transmitted in networks Limitation of mobile devices from accessing secure systems such as servers. Blocking sites that hold undesirable applications. Deleting mobile data held by employees devices. Implementing strong authentication procedures for joining the business networks and systems. Regular updates for passwords and other authentication procedures. Additional layers of security e.g. firewalls and packet filtering. Using verified applications for the enterprise systems and functions (Fliplet, 2017). References Arregui. D Maynard. S. (2016). Mitigating BYOD Information Security Risks. Australasian Conference on Information Systems. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://business.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@bus/documents/doc/uow223871.pdf Bilger. J, Cosand. H, Singh. N Xavier. J. (2005). Security and Legal Implications of Wireless Networks, Protocols, and Devices. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/05au/whitepaper_turnin/WiFi%20-%20final.pdf Choi. M, Robles. R, Hong. C Kim. T. (2008). Wireless Network Security: Vulnerabilities, Threats and Countermeasures. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, 3(3). Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1b0d/e694f8ac13396df9fc8a821164d95dcd04f5.pdf Downer. K Bhattacharya. M. (2015). BYOD Security: A New Business Challenge. Proceedings of The 5th International Symposium on Cloud and Service Computing (SC2 2015). Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289519738_BYOD_Security_A_New_Business_Challenge (2013). Insights on governance, risk and compliance. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Bring_your_own_device:_mobile_security_and_risk/$FILE/Bring_your_own_device.pdf Fliplet. (2017). 9 Simple Solutions to BYOD Security Risks That Affect Your Company. Enterprise mobility. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://fliplet.com/blog/9-solutions-byod-security-risks-that-affect-your-company/ Gajar. P, Ghosh. A Rai. S. (2013). Bring your own device (BYOD): Security risks and mitigating strategies. Journal of global research in computer science. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: HKSAR. (2010). Wireless networking security. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://www.infosec.gov.hk/english/technical/files/wireless.pdf Pollock. C. (2014). The Mobile App Top 10 Risks. VERACODE. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://www.owasp.org/images/9/94/MobileTopTen.pdf Techwell. (2011). Five mobile application challenge for IT teams. Business white paper. Retrieved 25 May, 2017, from: https://www.techwell.com/sites/default/files/resource/download/4AA3-8985ENW_5%20Mobile%20Challenges.pdf